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The technique, which was detailed recently in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, uses nanoparticles with nickel-rich cores and platinum-rich shells to increase the sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
ELISA is a test that measures samples for biochemicals, such as antibodies and proteins, which can indicate the presence of cancer, HIV, pregnancy and more. When a biochemical is detected, the test generates a color output that can be used to quantify its concentration. The stronger the color is, the stronger the concentration. The tests must be sensitive to prevent false negatives that could delay treatment or interventions.
In the study, the researchers found that when the nanoparticles were used in place of the conventional enzyme used in an ELISA 麻豆精品 S� peroxidase 麻豆精品 S� that the test was 300 times more sensitive at detecting carcinoembryonic antigen, a biomarker sometimes used to detect colorectal cancers.
And while a biomarker for colorectal cancer was used in the study, the technique could be used to detect biomarkers for other types of cancers and diseases, says Xiaohu Xia, an assistant professor in UCF 麻豆精品 S檚 and study co-author.
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S., not counting some kinds of skin cancer, and early detection helps improve treatment outcomes, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The increase in sensitivity comes from nickel-platinum nanoparticle 麻豆精品 S渕imics 麻豆精品 S� that greatly increase the reaction efficiency of the test, which increases its color output, and thus its detection ability, Xia says.
Peroxidases found in the horseradish root have been widely used to generate color in diagnostic tests for decades. However, they have limited reaction efficiency and thus color output, which has inhibited the development of sensitive diagnostic tests, Xia says.
Nanoparticle 麻豆精品 S渕imics 麻豆精品 S� of peroxidase have been extensively developed over the past 10 years, but none have achieved the reaction efficiency of the nanoparticles developed by Xia and his team.
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麻豆精品 S淪uch a breakthrough enables highly sensitive detection of cancer biomarkers with the ultimate goal of saving lives through earlier detection of cancers, 麻豆精品 S� he says.
Xia says next steps for the research are to continue to refine the technology and apply it to clinical samples of human patients to study its performance.
麻豆精品 S淲e hope the technology can be eventually used in clinical diagnostic laboratories in the near future, 麻豆精品 S� Xia says.
Study co-authors were Zheng Xi with UCF 麻豆精品 S檚 Department of Chemistry; Kecheng Wei and Shouheng Sun with Brown University; Qingxiao Wang and Moon J. Kim with the University of Texas at Dallas; and Victor Fung with Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Xia joined UCF 麻豆精品 S檚 Department of Chemistry, part of UCF 麻豆精品 S檚 College of Sciences, in 2018. He has a joint appointment in UCF 麻豆精品 S檚 . Prior to his appointment at UCF, he worked at Michigan Technological University as an assistant professor and at Georgia Institute of Technology as a postdoctoral researcher. He has published more than 60 journal articles and received multiple research grants.
